eccentrically

at a point (x, y) can be expressed as: \[ \sigma_{x,y} = \frac{N}{A} + \frac{M \cdot y}{I} \] where: \(A\) is the cross-sectional area \(I\) is the moment of inertia about the neutral axis \(y\) is the distance from the neutral

ending, cracking, or failure. 2. Local Buckling Thin plates may buckle locally under combined stresses, especially near edges. 3. Foundation Settlement Uneven settlement can increase eccentricity and stress concentrations. 4. Load Redistribution Changes in load paths or additional load